A project is a temporary endeavor with a defined beginning and end (usually time-constrained and often constrained by funding or staffing) undertaken to meet unique goals and objectives, typically to bring about beneficial change or added value.The primary challenge of project management is to achieve all the project goals within the given constraints. This information is usually described in project documentation, created at the beginning of the development process.The primary constraints are scope, time, quality and budget. The secondary — and more ambitious — challenge is to optimize the allocation of necessary inputs and integrate them to meet pre-determined objectives. A key distinction between successful projects and failed ones is rarely discussed: effective communication. In fact, a major reason why projects fail is insufficient communication among stakeholders. Given that people are involved in all phases of a project lifecycle, from initiation through delivery/operation and maintenance, it should come as no surprise that human factors play a significant role in its outcome.